歡迎來(lái)到環(huán)球教育官方網(wǎng)站,來(lái)環(huán)球,去全球!
來(lái)源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
小編:胥倩倩 382在托福聽(tīng)力備考的過(guò)程中,大多數(shù)同學(xué)都是習(xí)慣于記筆記這樣的方法。但是,想要全面的抓住聽(tīng)力文章的核心,并在于你記錄了什么,而是主要在于你的筆記是否抓住了文章的要點(diǎn)。那么,怎樣在最快的時(shí)間里找到托福聽(tīng)力文章重點(diǎn)呢?下面我們就為大家詳細(xì)介紹一下吧。
第一步 ,先聽(tīng)后記,學(xué)會(huì)抓取句群大意。切忌聽(tīng)到什么記什么
很多同學(xué)在聽(tīng)聽(tīng)力文章時(shí)都會(huì)遇到一個(gè)問(wèn)題,明明聽(tīng)懂了文章,但是因?yàn)椴恢乐攸c(diǎn)在哪而記不下解題需要的部分,最終導(dǎo)致做錯(cuò)題目。告訴各位同學(xué),在聽(tīng)一段文章時(shí),它的內(nèi)容其實(shí)是有主有次的。我們不需要把聽(tīng)到的所有內(nèi)容都記錄下來(lái),我們只要抓住主要內(nèi)容就成功了。我們一起來(lái)看下面這段文章:
In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers. In particular, we talked about cotton fibers, which we said were very useful, not only in the textile industry, but also in the chemical industry, and in the production of many products, such as plastics, paper, explosives, and so on. Today we’ll continue talking about useful fibers, and we’ll begin with a fiber that’s commonly known as “Manila hemp.” Now, for some strange reason, many people believe that Manila hemp is a hemp plant. But Manila hemp is not really hemp. It’s actually a member of the banana family— it even bears little banana-shaped fruits. The “Manila” part of the name makes sense, because Manila hemp is produced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and, of course, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila.
大家可以看到,文章的前半部分其實(shí)一直都是在回憶上節(jié)課的內(nèi)容,并不是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)。所以我們根本無(wú)需記錄諸如fibers的分類(lèi)及用途,因?yàn)檫@些信息解題時(shí)根本用不上。今天上課的內(nèi)容才是出題的重點(diǎn),因此從Today開(kāi)始,后面才是需要記錄的內(nèi)容。很多同學(xué)在沒(méi)有搞清楚文章主次的時(shí)候就盲目的就筆記,聽(tīng)到哪里記哪里,好像盲人摸象,既模糊了文章的重點(diǎn),又無(wú)法做對(duì)題目。對(duì)于目前還沒(méi)有搞清楚文章主次的同學(xué),首先需要練習(xí)的不是筆記,而是分清重點(diǎn)。
第二步 ,在主要句群中提取文章的核心要點(diǎn),精益求精
很多同學(xué)的另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是可以分清楚主次,但就是記不下重點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槁?tīng)力的錄音一直在放,在你記筆記的同時(shí)又會(huì)出現(xiàn)新內(nèi)容,讓你應(yīng)接不暇,最終導(dǎo)致重點(diǎn)迷失。對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題,下面要教給各位同學(xué)如何提取句群核心內(nèi)容。
當(dāng)我們判斷出下面的內(nèi)容是文章重點(diǎn)時(shí),首先不要慌張,大家要記得,即使是文章重點(diǎn),里面也是有主有次,你的記錄速度再快,也不可能快過(guò)聽(tīng)力朗讀的速度。因此,哪些詞是關(guān)鍵,哪些詞更能夠讓我們回憶起文章的內(nèi)容就成了最重要的問(wèn)題。同學(xué)們一定要明白一點(diǎn):筆記的目的是幫助我們更好地回憶出文章的內(nèi)容。因此我們記錄的單詞也應(yīng)該是文章最核心的單詞。那么到底什么單詞是記錄的重點(diǎn)呢。名詞!名詞的記錄永遠(yuǎn)要優(yōu)先于其他的詞匯。名詞永遠(yuǎn)是句群中最核心的內(nèi)容。名詞代表了這個(gè)句群要表達(dá)出的最主要的意思,是一定要記下來(lái)的內(nèi)容。其次是動(dòng)詞。再次才是其他詞匯。如果你的記錄速度很慢,那么你至少應(yīng)該保證記下全部名詞和部分動(dòng)詞,而絕對(duì)不是其他詞匯。我們一起來(lái)看下面這段聽(tīng)力文章。
The 19 century was the time that saw what we called: Realism developing in the European theater. Um… to understand this though, we first need to look at an earlier form of drama known as the well-made play, which basically was a pattern for constructing plays, plays that the beginning with some early 19 century comedies in France proved very successful commercially. The dramatic devises used here weren’t actually anything new. They have been around for centuries. But the formula for a well-made play required that the certain of these elements being included in a particular order. And most importantly, that everything in the plays be logically connected. In fact, some of these playwrights would start by writing the end of a play. And were “backward” toward the beginning, just to make sure each event led logically from what had gone before.
大家看到我標(biāo)紅的部分就是這個(gè)段子里面最核心的名詞。因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)段落都是圍繞著他們?cè)谥v解。而黃色部分是進(jìn)一步的通過(guò)動(dòng)詞來(lái)對(duì)于紅色名詞進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)瑤椭覀兏玫乩斫?。抓住這些詞就能抓住整個(gè)部分的核心。自然也就能夠做對(duì)題目,如果你還能記下別的詞匯,當(dāng)然更值得表?yè)P(yáng)。但是以上標(biāo)出的幾個(gè)詞匯是必須要記下的,如果你看完這段文章并沒(méi)有反應(yīng)出是這幾個(gè)單詞。那么你應(yīng)該在老師的指導(dǎo)下大量練習(xí)提取文章的核心詞匯,只有這樣你才能夠把握重點(diǎn)。
第三步 ,學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)聯(lián)重點(diǎn)詞匯,進(jìn)而回憶出文章的整體內(nèi)容
很多同學(xué)筆記中也可以記錄下重點(diǎn)詞匯,但是在做題時(shí)卻往往想不起文章內(nèi)容。這里要再次強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),我們記筆記的目的永遠(yuǎn)只有一個(gè):通過(guò)筆記回憶出文章的主要內(nèi)容,任何不能幫助你回憶起文章內(nèi)容的筆記都是失敗的。下面來(lái)講解如何做到用筆記回憶文章內(nèi)容。
我們先看一下剛才那個(gè)段落的幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)筆記詞匯
Realism developing
well-made play
a pattern for constructing plays
the certain of these elements
being included in a particular order
be logically connected
我想很多同學(xué)看到上面的這些詞匯所堆積成的所謂筆記,應(yīng)該感覺(jué)非常熟悉。我見(jiàn)過(guò)很多學(xué)生就是這樣記筆記的。只能說(shuō),這樣的筆記是死的,你無(wú)法從中獲得你想要的信息。如何讓筆記變活,你應(yīng)該在詞匯與詞匯之間加入關(guān)聯(lián)。只有這樣,你才能夠真正回憶起文章內(nèi)容。我們?nèi)绻皇强粗厦娴墓P記,請(qǐng)問(wèn)我如何能看出Realism developing和well-made play之間的關(guān)系。但是如果我們給Realism developing后面加上冒號(hào)的話(huà),我們就會(huì)知道其實(shí)well-made play是當(dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義發(fā)展的表現(xiàn)之一。如果我們給well-made play后面加上破折號(hào),我們就會(huì)知道他的實(shí)際意義其實(shí)是a pattern for constructing plays。這樣才叫做筆記之間的關(guān)聯(lián),如果沒(méi)有這些關(guān)聯(lián)。我們看到的筆記只是一盤(pán)散沙。而當(dāng)這些詞匯發(fā)生聯(lián)系時(shí),我們才能夠真正回憶起文章內(nèi)容,做對(duì)題目。