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小編:環(huán)球教育整理 411assume及claim使用不夠準(zhǔn)確
我們知道, think, assume, claim是議論文中常用引出觀點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞。在實(shí)際作文中,同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為幾個(gè)詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來(lái)就用。甚至還有同學(xué)把consider也拿過來(lái)與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來(lái)看這幾個(gè)詞的不同:
Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.
翻譯為“認(rèn)為”,通常接賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)比較確定的觀點(diǎn)。
Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
翻譯為“假設(shè)、假定”,是否有事實(shí)依據(jù)是不確定的。
Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believeit.
翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個(gè)詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點(diǎn),所以很少用作‘I claim that…
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。
所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報(bào)道稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報(bào)道”,往往代表著作者贊同報(bào)告的內(nèi)容,
Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點(diǎn),看個(gè)例子:
We are considering buying a new car.
所以,千萬(wàn)不要在托福寫作的第一段(觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)段)就因?yàn)橛迷~把握不準(zhǔn)而導(dǎo)致對(duì)整篇文章的低分印象。
表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句
這是摘自學(xué)生托福作文中的一個(gè)病句:
I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.
因?yàn)椤畇uggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,黑體部分應(yīng)該改為“(should) continue”
所以考生一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的托福寫作詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
Recommend, suggest, advise
such as與for example的混用
我們知道,在表示舉例子的時(shí)候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/likeorchids and primroses are becoming rare.
但是同學(xué)們對(duì)于Such as、for example的把握還是不夠準(zhǔn)確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語(yǔ)表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法:
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
這里的such as改為for example為好,因?yàn)椤癷n French and Italian”其實(shí)是“there is a similar word inFrench and Italian”的簡(jiǎn)化,所以要用for example來(lái)引出例證。再來(lái)看幾個(gè)類似的例子:
It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.
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