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小編: 331要寫(xiě)出優(yōu)秀的句子首先要先做到避免語(yǔ)法和用句的錯(cuò)誤,下面我們來(lái)分析下托福寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。
1.句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口語(yǔ)中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是用在托福寫(xiě)作中的書(shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫(xiě)完以后,筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生。
例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。
剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on ?!辈皇且粋€(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ),不能獨(dú)立成句。
改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。
2.詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。
例1. None can negative the importance of money。
剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為:
None can deny the importance of money。
3.指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?讀完上面這一句話(huà),讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚,誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們?cè)谕懈?xiě)作中把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。
剖析:句中人稱(chēng)代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為:
We can also know society by serving it ourselves。
4.不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
剖析:這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways?!?以及“We get to know the outside world?!薄:?jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為:
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
5.累贅(Redundancy)
寫(xiě)句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞;寫(xiě)段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如:
In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語(yǔ)從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”
可以改為:In spite of his laziness, I like him。
例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。
剖析:整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化。
改為:
Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。
6.不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ),或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。
剖析:The fresh water 與逗號(hào)后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。
改為:
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。
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